{"id":20376,"date":"2020-05-05T16:05:10","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T14:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/berndluz.de\/?p=20376"},"modified":"2020-06-17T15:26:45","modified_gmt":"2020-06-17T13:26:45","slug":"history-of-aviation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/berndluz.de\/fr\/history-of-aviation\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Aviation"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbHistory of Aviation\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator color=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb border_width=\u00a0\u00bb7″ el_width=\u00a0\u00bb10″ accent_color=\u00a0\u00bb#fe9306″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1461334391720{margin-top: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20520″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

La s\u00e9rie Aviation est consacr\u00e9e aux jalons de l’histoire de l’aviation. Les ing\u00e9nieurs et les pilotes qui ont v\u00e9cu le grand r\u00eave d’enfance du vol et de l’avion ont marqu\u00e9 l’histoire.<\/p>\n

Dans mes \u0153uvres, je combine des collages vivants avec des couleurs acryliques dans le style du mix multim\u00e9dia que j’ai d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 moi-m\u00eame. Les informations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sont mises en sc\u00e8ne de mani\u00e8re saisissante et illustr\u00e9es \u00e0 l’aide de la technologie du pop art \u00e9motionnel. C’est ainsi que l’histoire sur toile prend vie avec beaucoup de passion.<\/p>\n

Mon art veut empathiser, inspirer et balayer le spectateur.
\nUn hommage aux l\u00e9gendes de l’aviation.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20320″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbLeonardo da Vinci\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbLa vision du vol\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Dans le but d’imiter le vol des oiseaux, Leonardo a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les mouvements des oiseaux. Pour beaucoup, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le p\u00e8re de la bionique, o\u00f9 les mod\u00e8les naturels inspirent les constructions techniques.<\/p>\n

Avec la premi\u00e8re de ses machines volantes, l’inventeur a tent\u00e9 d’imiter le vol des oiseaux. Ces machines \u00e9taient appel\u00e9es ornithopt\u00e8res. Ils \u00e9taient bas\u00e9s sur le fait que le \u00abpilote\u00bb utilisait la force musculaire pour soulever ou faire voler son propre poids corporel en plus de celui de la machine. Leonardo a donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de planer: il y a divers concepts et designs pour les pilotes de planeur dans ses notes. Au moins une partie du bricoleur aurait \u00e9galement subi des tests: un employ\u00e9 aurait cass\u00e9 plusieurs os lors d’une tentative de vol.<\/p>\n

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Karl Wilhelm Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896) est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la premi\u00e8re personne \u00e0 effectuer avec succ\u00e8s et \u00e0 plusieurs reprises des vols en planeur. Ses travaux pr\u00e9paratoires exp\u00e9rimentaux et ses premiers essais en vol \u00e0 partir de 1891 ont conduit au concept de l’aile. La repr\u00e9sentation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s a\u00e9rodynamiques des ailes dans le diagramme polaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par lui et est encore utilis\u00e9e aujourd’hui. La production de l’appareil \u00e0 voile normal dans son usine de machines \u00e0 Berlin \u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re production en s\u00e9rie d’un avion. Son principe de vol \u00e9tait la conversion de l’\u00e9nergie de position en portance et propulsion (vol plan\u00e9).<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20524″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbWright Brothers\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbPremier vol propuls\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Wilbur (1867-1912) et Orville Wright (1871-1948) ont con\u00e7u des planeurs et ont finalement contr\u00f4l\u00e9 les vols avec un avion motoris\u00e9, le \u00ab\u00a0Flyer\u00a0\u00bb. Ils ont utilis\u00e9 l’exp\u00e9rience et les techniques de leur atelier de v\u00e9lo dans la construction a\u00e9ronautique, comme l’\u00e9quilibre, la construction l\u00e9g\u00e8re, l’entra\u00eenement par cha\u00eene et l’a\u00e9rodynamique.<\/p>\n

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Johannes Gustav Paul \u00ab\u00a0Hans\u00a0\u00bb Grade (1879-1946) a fond\u00e9 la Grade-Motoren-Werke GmbH en 1905. En 1907, il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 construire son premier avion \u00e0 trois \u00e9tages avec un moteur \u00e0 deux temps \u00e0 six cylindres et a pris son premier vol en 1908. En 1909, le premier vol a eu lieu avec son monoplan \u00ab\u00a0Libelle\u00a0\u00bb et en 1910, il a g\u00e9r\u00e9 le premier vol long-courrier avec un monoplan, dans lequel il a \u00e9t\u00e9 en l’air pendant 4 heures et 30 minutes.<\/p>\n

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Les Zeppelins, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August Graf von Zeppelin (1838-1917), ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s dans l’aviation civile de 1909 \u00e0 1914, pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s plus militairement. Ils ont connu une deuxi\u00e8me reprise apr\u00e8s la mort de von Zeppelin dans les ann\u00e9es 1920 et 1930.<\/p>\n

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Le dirigeable Do X a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u par les usines allemandes Dornier apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale et construit en 1929. Le bateau volant allemand Do X a fait exploser toutes les dimensions \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0. Dans six gondoles tandem, douze moteurs \u00e0 pistons de 610 ch chacun ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s au-dessus de l’aile. Chaque gondole avait un train et une h\u00e9lice \u00e0 pression. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait de loin le plus gros avion du monde. Le Do X a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour 159 passagers et 10 membres d’\u00e9quipage. L’op\u00e9ration a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue en 1933 en raison de probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d’une \u00e9conomie m\u00e9diocre et d’une mauvaise aptitude militaire. Deux autres Do X ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits pour l’exportation vers l’Italie.<\/p>\n

De novembre 1930 \u00e0 novembre 1933, le Do X \u00e9tait sur un vol repr\u00e9sentatif mondial. \u00c0 partir de 1934, elle se trouve au Mus\u00e9e de l’aviation de Berlin o\u00f9 elle est d\u00e9truite lors d’un attentat \u00e0 la bombe vers la fin de la guerre.<\/p>\n

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Le Junkers Ju 52 \/ 3m \u00ab\u00a0Grande Dame\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 trois moteurs avec son surnom: \u00ab\u00a0Tante Ju\u00a0\u00bb a eu son premier vol en 1932. En raison de sa grande fiabilit\u00e9, Lufthansa a donc choisi le Junkers Ju 52 \/ 3m comme type d’avion standard. En 1938, environ 75% de tout le trafic a\u00e9rien \u00e9tait effectu\u00e9 avec Ju 52 \/ 3m. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, elle \u00e9tait connue sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Iron Annie\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il a obtenu son surnom de \u00ab\u00a0tante Ju\u00a0\u00bb lorsqu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour chasser les soldats bless\u00e9s hors de la zone de guerre.<\/p>\n

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Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger Vicomte de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry (1900-1944) \u00e9tait un auteur reconnu et couronn\u00e9 de succ\u00e8s de son vivant et est devenu un auteur culte des d\u00e9cennies d’apr\u00e8s-guerre, m\u00eame s’il se voyait davantage comme un pilote professionnel qui n’\u00e9crivait qu’\u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9. Son histoire de conte de f\u00e9es Le Petit Prince est l’un des livres les plus r\u00e9ussis au monde avec plus de 140 millions d’exemplaires vendus.<\/p>\n

En 1944, il d\u00e9colle de Bastia pour son dernier vol de reconnaissance programm\u00e9 dans un Lockheed F-5, mais n’est jamais arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Grenoble et est toujours port\u00e9 disparu.<\/p>\n

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Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. (1902-1974) a g\u00e9r\u00e9 le vol sans escale de New York \u00e0 Paris du 20 au 21 mai 1927 et donc la premi\u00e8re travers\u00e9e en solo de l’Atlantique,<\/p>\n

Pour le premier vol sans escale entre New York et Paris, un prix sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 25 000 $ a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu. Certains pilotes avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9chou\u00e9 dans cette t\u00e2che. Lindbergh a contact\u00e9 l’avionneur inconnu Ryan Aeronautical et lui a demand\u00e9 s’il pouvait construire une machine monomoteur pour cette route. Le 28 avril 1927, l’avion \u00e9tait pr\u00eat apr\u00e8s seulement deux mois de d\u00e9veloppement et de construction. La machine a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9e Spirit of St. Louis.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re travers\u00e9e atlantique sans escale de l’Am\u00e9rique vers l’Europe par avion avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en juin 1919 par John Alcock et Arthur Whitten Brown.<\/p>\n

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Claude Honor\u00e9 D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Dornier (1884 \u00e0 Kempten – 1969 \u00e0 Zoug, CH) a \u00e9t\u00e9 employ\u00e9 par Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin \u00e0 partir de 1910 et a \u00e9t\u00e9 dot\u00e9 de son propre d\u00e9partement au sein du groupe Zeppelin, le d\u00e9partement DO. En 1917, il devient associ\u00e9 et directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d’une succursale, Zeppelin-Werk Lindau GmbH, qu’il reprend en 1932 et \u00e0 partir de laquelle les travaux de Dornier se d\u00e9veloppent.
\nEn raison des exigences du Trait\u00e9 de Versailles, de nombreux bateaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. L’avion r\u00e9ussi \u00e9tait le bateau volant \u00ab\u00a0Wal\u00a0\u00bb avec plus de 250 pi\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20978″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbL’a\u00e9roport de B\u00f6blingen\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bb1925-1938″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

L’a\u00e9roport de Stuttgart-B\u00f6blingen, utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins militaires de 1915 \u00e0 1918, \u00e9tait l’a\u00e9roport commercial de Stuttgart d’avril 1925 jusqu’\u00e0 l’ouverture de l’a\u00e9roport de Stuttgart-Echterdingen en 1939. Le b\u00e2timent d’accueil de 1925 est toujours conserv\u00e9 aujourd’hui (restaurant CheckInn) tout comme le b\u00e2timent d’accueil de style Bauhaus de 1928 qui abrite aujourd’hui Motorworld.<\/p>\n

Le 3 novembre 1929, le dirigeable LZ 127 \u00ab\u00a0Graf Zeppelin\u00a0\u00bb atterrit \u00e0 B\u00f6blingen pour la premi\u00e8re fois et attire environ 100 000 spectateurs. Le Zeppelin a atterri \u00e0 nouveau en juin 1931. En plus des op\u00e9rations de vol normales, de nombreux \u00e9v\u00e9nements a\u00e9ronautiques ont eu lieu et il y avait deux \u00e9coles de pilotage. En 1934, Luft Hansa a lanc\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re connexion a\u00e9rienne r\u00e9guli\u00e8re vers l’Am\u00e9rique du Sud. En 1934, Nelly Diener est devenue la premi\u00e8re h\u00f4tesse de l’air en Europe pour la compagnie a\u00e9rienne suisse Swissair, y compris sur la ligne Zurich – B\u00f6blingen – Berlin.<\/p>\n

En 1935, la limite de capacit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 atteinte avec 184 280 passagers, donc en 1936, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d’ajouter un nouvel a\u00e9roport \u00e0 l’emplacement actuel
\nPour construire de vraies choses. En 1938, l’a\u00e9roport a \u00e9t\u00e9 converti en base a\u00e9rienne et les op\u00e9rations a\u00e9riennes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompues \u00e0 la fin de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale. Les forces arm\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines ont ensuite repris le site et construit un centre de r\u00e9paration. \u00c0 partir de 2002, les villes de B\u00f6blingen et Sindelfingen ont ouvert conjointement \u00abl’a\u00e9rodrome\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbHistory of Aviation\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator color=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb border_width=\u00a0\u00bb7″ el_width=\u00a0\u00bb10″ accent_color=\u00a0\u00bb#fe9306″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1461334391720{margin-top: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20520″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text] La s\u00e9rie Aviation est consacr\u00e9e aux jalons de l’histoire de l’aviation. Les ing\u00e9nieurs et les pilotes qui ont v\u00e9cu le grand r\u00eave d’enfance du vol et de l’avion ont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[296],"tags":[361,617,618,619],"class_list":["post-20376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-fr","tag-popart","tag-kunst-fr","tag-bernd-luz-fr","tag-popart-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nHistory of Aviation - Bernd Luz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/berndluz.de\/fr\/history-of-aviation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of Aviation - Bernd Luz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbHistory of Aviation\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator color=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb border_width=\u00a0\u00bb7″ el_width=\u00a0\u00bb10″ accent_color=\u00a0\u00bb#fe9306″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1461334391720{margin-top: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20520″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text] La s\u00e9rie Aviation est consacr\u00e9e aux jalons de l’histoire de l’aviation. 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