{"id":20388,"date":"2020-05-08T16:59:20","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T14:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/berndluz.de\/?p=20388"},"modified":"2022-04-05T15:22:40","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T13:22:40","slug":"warbirds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/berndluz.de\/fr\/warbirds\/","title":{"rendered":"Warbirds"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbWarbirds\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator color=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb border_width=\u00a0\u00bb7″ el_width=\u00a0\u00bb10″ accent_color=\u00a0\u00bb#fe9306″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1461334391720{margin-top: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20344″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMe 109″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMesserrschmitt Bf 109″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Le Messerschmitt Bf 109 (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9 Me 109) par l’avionneur allemand Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (plus tard Messerschmitt AG) \u00e9tait au-del\u00e0 de son objectif d’origine \u00e9galement un chasseur-bombardier, un chasseur de nuit et un avion de reconnaissance. Avec environ 33300 appareils, le Bf 109 est l’un des avions les plus construits et les plus chass\u00e9s de l’histoire. Le premier vol a eu lieu en mai 1935.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20316″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbBell UH1 \u2013 Huey\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0Teppichklopfer\u00ab\u00a0\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Le Bell UH1 a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re \u00e0 turbine des forces arm\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines. Con\u00e7u \u00e0 l’origine comme un h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re pour \u00e9vacuer les bless\u00e9s, il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 pour d’autres t\u00e2ches pendant son long service. L’h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re a vol\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois pendant la guerre du Vietnam. Plus de 16 000 pi\u00e8ces de la famille UH-1 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb21012″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMiG 21″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21
\n\u00ab\u00a0fishbed\u00ab\u00a0\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

L’intercepteur sovi\u00e9tique Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 est un intercepteur sovi\u00e9tique. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en service en 1959. En dehors de l’URSS, il a d’abord \u00e9t\u00e9 stationn\u00e9 en RDA. Son nom de code OTAN est \u00ab\u00a0Fishbed\u00a0\u00bb. Les MiG \u00e9taient dirig\u00e9s par la direction au sol et men\u00e9s \u00e0 l’ennemi, fid\u00e8les \u00e0 la tactique sovi\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb19716″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbRoter Baron\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbManfred von Richthofen\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Freiherr Manfred von Richthofen \u00e9tait le plus grand talent de vol de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale. Von Richthofen \u00e9tait ador\u00e9 par les troupes. Son Fokker DR 1 rouge est devenu le symbole redout\u00e9 et v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 des escadrons de vol de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale. Son \u00e9quipe de chasseurs Jasta 11 est d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par les Anglais sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Flying Circus\u00a0\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a0l’escadron de cirque\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tait l’\u00e9lite du groupe d’aviation.<\/p>\n

Il a remport\u00e9 le plus grand nombre de victoires a\u00e9riennes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par un seul pilote au cours de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale. Le surnom bien connu \u00ab\u00a0Le baron rouge\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 par Richthofen parce qu’il a effectu\u00e9 la plupart de ses missions dans des avions peints en rouge. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, il \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Diable Rouge\u00a0\u00bb (Red Devil). Il mourut \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 26 ans le 21 avril 1918 dans une bataille a\u00e9rienne derri\u00e8re les lignes ennemies, frapp\u00e9 par un mitrailleur au sol.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20392″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbB17 Memphis Bell\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbBoing B17 Flying Fortress\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Le B-17 Flying Fortress est un bombardier lourd de la Boeing Airplane Company et le bombardier le plus connu de l’US Air Force pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il \u00e9tait connu pour pouvoir voler malgr\u00e9 de graves dommages. L’\u00e9quipage entier d’une forteresse volante \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de dix hommes, dont quatre exclusivement des tireurs MG. Au total, 12 731 machines ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9es. La lettre \u00ab\u00a0B\u00a0\u00bb dans la d\u00e9signation signifie des bombardiers.<\/p>\n

Memphis Belle est le surnom du B-17 le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre utilis\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats-Unis en Europe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’engin a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’un des premiers bombardiers de l’US Air Force \u00e0 terminer son \u00abTour of Duty\u00bb (25 missions). \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le Memphis Belle a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier avion \u00e0 rentrer chez lui aux \u00c9tats-Unis avec 25 missions, il a re\u00e7u les honneurs et l’attention du public avec l’\u00e9quipage. Les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres membres d’\u00e9quipage avaient tous accompli 25 missions, mais pas exclusivement sur le Memphis Belle.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb21067″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbStuka \u2013 Ju 87″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbTrompettes Jericho\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Le Ju 87 a \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9 par l’usine d’avions Junkers \u00e0 Dessau et le Weserflug \u00e0 Br\u00eame et Berlin-Tempelhof.<\/p>\n

Les ailes de l’aile de mouette, le bo\u00eetier caract\u00e9ristique du ch\u00e2ssis et le hurlement d\u00e9moralisant des sir\u00e8nes (\u00ab\u00a0trompettes de J\u00e9richo\u00a0\u00bb) lors d’une attaque en piqu\u00e9 comme guerre psychologique sont typiques du Ju 87, qui \u00e9tait surtout connu comme un chasseur en piqu\u00e9 (Stuka). Probablement le ton le plus typique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n

Habituellement, la chute se faisait \u00e0 un angle de 70 \u00e0 90 \u00b0. Afin d’assurer une interception s\u00fbre m\u00eame lorsque le pilote \u00e9tait bri\u00e8vement inconscient en raison des forces G \u00e9lev\u00e9es, tous les Ju 87 avaient un syst\u00e8me de plong\u00e9e et d’interception automatique.<\/p>\n

En ao\u00fbt 1939, l’accident de Stuka survient \u00e0 Neuhammer (Sil\u00e9sie), la pire catastrophe pour l’arm\u00e9e de l’air allemande avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. 13 Ju 87 sont tomb\u00e9s dans le sol d’une hauteur trop basse lors d’une d\u00e9monstration de plong\u00e9e, tuant les 26 membres d’\u00e9quipage.<\/p>\n

Le Ju 87 a d’abord \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 comme avion d’appui a\u00e9rien rapproch\u00e9 pour les troupes de l’arm\u00e9e lors de l’attaque de la Pologne en 1939, puis de la campagne de France en 1940. Le Ju 87, symbole de la tactique du Blitzkrieg, date de cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

Aujourd’hui, il n’y a que deux Ju 87 compl\u00e8tement pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s: un au Museum of Science and Industry de Chicago. L’autre au Royal Air Force Museum \u00e0 Hendon, Royaume-Uni.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb21273″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbBreguet Atlantic\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbBoing B17 Flying Fortress\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Louis Charles Breguet (1880-1955) \u00e9tait un concepteur d’avions fran\u00e7ais et co-fondateur de la compagnie a\u00e9rienne Air France. Il construit son premier avion, le biplan \u00abBreguet I\u00bb, en 1907. En 1910, il vend les deux premiers appareils \u00e0 l’arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n

Avec son fr\u00e8re, il fonde la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme d’aviation Louis Breguet. En 1919, il fonde l’agence de fret a\u00e9rien \u00abCompagnie des Messageries A\u00e9riennes\u00bb, qui jette les bases de la compagnie a\u00e9rienne Air France.<\/p>\n

En 1935, il se consacre \u00e0 la construction d’avions \u00e0 voilure tournante et, avec Ren\u00e9 Dorand, d\u00e9veloppe le Gyroplane Laboratoire, premier h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re volant stable.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb22831″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbStarfighter\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Pour de nombreux passionn\u00e9s d’aviation aujourd’hui, le Lockheed Starfighter 104 est toujours l’avion de chasse par excellence, une fus\u00e9e habit\u00e9e capable d’atteindre des vitesses sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 Mach 2. Le grondement de la postcombustion est entr\u00e9 dans la peau de presque tout le monde.<\/p>\n

A cette \u00e9poque il n’y avait rien de comparable. Des performances de vol incroyables : Le 104 est le premier avion \u00e0 d\u00e9tenir simultan\u00e9ment des records du monde de vitesse, d’altitude et de taux de mont\u00e9e. Avec un syst\u00e8me sp\u00e9cial de lancement de fus\u00e9e (syst\u00e8me cellulaire), le 104 pouvait d\u00e9marrer \u00e0 partir d’un d\u00e9part arr\u00eat\u00e9, il \u00e9tait catapult\u00e9 directement dans les airs, pour ainsi dire.<\/p>\n

La nouvelle arm\u00e9e de l’air voulait remplacer trois types d’avions de combat diff\u00e9rents dans les ann\u00e9es 1950. Bien que le Starfighter ait \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u comme un intercepteur pour intercepter les formations de bombardiers \u00e0 haute altitude, la Luftwaffe l’a utilis\u00e9 comme avion de chasse polyvalent tout temps bon march\u00e9, ainsi que comme chasseur-bombardier volant \u00e0 basse altitude. Le 104 avait ses limites qu’il fallait prendre en compte. D’autres avions pardonnent les erreurs plus rapidement. Ne pas concilier les t\u00e2ches assign\u00e9es aux chasseurs avec l’avion. Il \u00e9tait difficile de voir les limites a\u00e9rodynamiques. Les petites ailes \u00e9taient compl\u00e8tement surcharg\u00e9es de chars et de bombes suppl\u00e9mentaires. Il n’\u00e9tait pas non plus en voltige. Au d\u00e9but, quatre Starfighters ont tir\u00e9 dans le sol lors d’un spectacle a\u00e9rien.<\/p>\n

De plus, la Luftwaffe n’\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e9par\u00e9e \u00e0 ce syst\u00e8me d’armes, que ce soit en termes de personnel ou de structure.<\/p>\n

Sur les 914 Starfighters achet\u00e9s, 292 \u00e9taient des pertes totales et 116 pilotes sont morts. Ainsi, le starfighter est toujours connu sous son surnom de \u00ab\u00a0faiseur de veuves\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbWarbirds\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator color=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb border_width=\u00a0\u00bb7″ el_width=\u00a0\u00bb10″ accent_color=\u00a0\u00bb#fe9306″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1461334391720{margin-top: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb20344″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbappear\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMe 109″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h1|font_size:35px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Lobster%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbMesserrschmitt Bf 109″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:15px|text_align:center\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Viga%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text] Le Messerschmitt Bf 109 (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9 Me 109) par l’avionneur allemand Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (plus tard Messerschmitt AG) \u00e9tait au-del\u00e0 de son objectif d’origine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[296],"tags":[617,618,619],"class_list":["post-20388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-fr","tag-kunst-fr","tag-bernd-luz-fr","tag-popart-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nWarbirds - 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